Gurevich V. Electric Relays: Principles and Applications

New York: CRC Press, 2005. — 704 p. — (Electrical and Computer Engineering). — ISBN 978-0849341885.Electric relays pervade the electronics that dominate our world. They exist in many forms, fulfill many roles, and each have their own behavioral nuances and peculiarities. To date, there exists no comprehensive reference surveying the broad spectrum of electric relays, save one-Electric Relays: Principles and Applications. This ambitious work is not only unique in its scope, but also in its practical approach that focuses on the operational and functional aspects rather than on theory and mathematics.
Accomplished engineer Dr. Vladimir Gurevich builds the presentation from first principles, unfolding the concepts and constructions via discussion of their historical development from the earliest ideas to modern technologies. He uses a show-not-tell approach that employs nearly 1300 illustrations and reveals valuable insight based on his extensive experience in the field. The book begins with the basic principles of relay construction and the major functional parts, such as contact and magnetic systems. Then, it devotes individual chapters to the various types of relays. The author describes the principles of function and construction for each type as well as features of several relays belonging to a type that operate on different principles.
Remarkably thorough and uniquely practical, Electric Relays: Principles and Applications serves as the perfect introduction to the plethora of electric relays and offers a quick-reference guide for the experienced engineer.Introduction.

Preface.History.
Relays and Horses.
From Oersted to Henry.
Art Professor Samuel Morse.
Edison's Relay.
The First Industrial Relays in Russia.Magnetic Systems of Relays.
Basic Components of and Electromagnetic Relay.
Hysteresis and Coercitive Force.
Types of Magnetic Systems.
Differences between AC and DC Relays.
Some Auxiliary Elements Improving the Relay Operation.
What Happens When a Relay Is Energized.
Windings of Relays: Types and Design Features.Contact Systems.
Designs of Basic Types of Contacts.
Silver, Gold, Platinum.
Contacts with Two-Stage Commutation.
What is the Purpose of "Contact Pressure?".
Self-Cleaning Contacts.
Self-Adjusting Contacts.
When Power Does Not Equal Multiplication by Current and Voltage.,
Split, Make-Before-Break, High-Frequency Contacts.
Compensation for Shock and Electro-dynamic Forces in Contacts.
Sparking Contacts and Their Control.
High-Power Contact Systems.
Mercury Displacement Relays.External Design of Relays.
Environmental Impact on Relays.
Wood and Cardboard: First Protection Shield for Relays.
Is a Sealed Relay Always Better Than an Open One?
Outlets, Terminal Sockets and "Containers" for Relays.
Indicators of Operation and Test Buttons.
Relays That Do Not Look Like Relays at All.Reed Switches and Reed Relays.
Who Invented a "Reed Switch?".
Coruscation of Ideas and Constructions.
High-Power Reed Switches.
Membrane Reed Switches.
Mercury Reed Switches.
High-Voltage Reed Switches.
Reed Switches with Liquid Filling.
Polarized and Memory Reed Switches.
Reed Switch Relays.
Mercury Reed Relays.
Winding-Free Relays.High-Voltage Relays.
What is a "High-Voltage Relay?".
Open Relays for High-Voltage Switching.
Vacuum and Gas-Filled High-Voltage Low Power Relays.
High Power Vacuum Relays and Contactors.
High-Voltage Reed Relays.
High-Voltage Interface Relays.Electronic Relays.
Was It Thomas A. Edison Who Invented a Vacuum Light Lamp?
Lee De Forest Radio Valve: From Its First Appearance Until Today.
How a Vacuum Tube Works?
Relays with Vacuum Tubes.
Gas-Tubes with Relay Characteristics.
Power Mercury Valves.
Electron-Beam Switching Tubes.
Semiconductor Relays.
Optoelectronic Relays.
Super-Power Electronic Relays.
Hybrid Relays.Time Relays.
Electromagnetic Time Relays.
Capacitor Time Relays.
Relays with Clockwork.
Pneumatic and Hydraulic Time-Delay Relays.
Electronic Time-Delay Relays.
Attachments to Standard Electromagnetic Relays.
Microprocessor-Based Time-Delay Relays.
Accelerated (Forced) Relays.Thermal Relays.
Relays Based on a Bimetal Thermal Element.
Protective Thermal Relays.
Automatic Circuit Breakers with Thermal Elements.
Dilatometer Relays.
Manometric Thermal Relays.
Mercury Thermal Relays.
Thermal Relays with Reed Switches.
Semiconductor Thermal Elements and Thermal Relays.Protective Current and Voltage Relays.
What Are "Protective Relays".
Current and Voltage Transformers.
Instantaneous Current and Voltage Relays.
Current Relays with Independent "Time-Delays".
Current Relays with Dependent Time-Delays.
Harmonic and Voltage Restraint Relays.
Pulse Current Relays.Power and Power Directional Relays.
Induction-Type Relays.
Characteristics of Power Direction Relays.
Electro-Dynamic-Type Relays.
Electronic Analogs of Power Direction Relays.Differential Relays.
Principles of Differential Protection.
High-Impedance Differential Relays.
Biased Differential Relays.
Electromagnetic Percentage Differential Relay.
Induction-Type Differential Relays.
Harmonic Restraint Differential Relays.
Pilot-Wire Relays.Distance Relays.
Principles and Basic Characteristics of Distance Protection.
System Swing.
Principles of Distance Relays Construction.
Why do Distance Relays Need "Memory?".
Distance Relays with Higher Performance.
Electronic Analogs of Impedance Relays.Frequency Relay.
Why Is It Necessary to Control Frequency in Electric Networks?
Charles Steinmetz — Inventor of the Frequency Relay.
Induction Frequency Relays.
Resonance Relays.
Electronic Frequency Relays.Microprocessor-Based Relays: Prospects and Challenges.
Is It a Relay at All?
Advantages of Microprocessor-Based "Relays".
Disadvantages of Microprocessor-Based "Relays".
Summing Up.Special Relays.
Polarized Relays.
Latching Relays.
Sequence Relays.
Rotary Relays.
Moving-Coil Relays.
Amplifier-Driven Relays.
Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Relays.
Annunciator Target Relays.
Flashing-Light Relays.
Buchholz Relays.
Safety Relays.
Ground Fault Relays.
Supervision Relays.
Hydraulic-Magnetic Circuit Breakers.Basic Relay Terms and Definitions — Glossary.
References..