Smolik G.R., McCarthy K.A., Petti D.A., Coates K. Hydrogen generation from steam reaction with tungsten

Journal of Nuclear Materials 258-263 (1998) 1979-1984.Abstract
A LOCA in a fusion reactor involving an ingress of steam presents a safety concern due to hydrogen generated from steam reactions with plasma facing components. Hydrogen concentrations must be maintained below explosive levels. To support safety evaluations we have experimentally determined hydrogen generation rates when a tungsten alloy is exposed to steam from 400°C to 1200°C. We studied e ects of steam pressure between 2.8x10⁴ and 8.5x10⁴ Pa, i.e., (0.28±0.84 atm) and gas velocity between 0.011 and 0.063 m/s. We present relationships for the reaction rates, oxidation phases, and mechanisms associated with the hydrogen generation.